Poland has been celebrating Independence Day since 1920. During and after the Second World War this was done clandestinely. In 1945, the National Independence Day was replaced by the Day of Rebirth of Poland on the anniversary of signing of PKWN Manifesto, celebrated on 22nd of July, which essentially introduced communist rule in the country. Independence Day was restored as a national holiday late as in 1989 after Poland’s political transformation.

While 11th November received the status of a state holiday as late as in 1937, it was celebrated with exceptional pomp during the Second Polish Republic. Military parades filed through the streets of Polish cities and were received by Marshal Józef Piłsudski, who is acknowledged as the father of independent Poland.

After 1989 National Independence Day has again become a day of festive celebrations. As was customary during the Second Polish Republic, the main ceremony takes place in the Piłsudski Square and is attended by the highest state officials. Military distinctions and promotions are awarded.

For many Poles it is a day to reflect on their country’s history and an opportunity to express their patriotic sentiment. Those watching the military parades wave flags, put on red and white hats with "Poland" written on them and paint flags on children’s faces. Many Catholics attend mass celebrated for their homeland.

Many Poles also spend this time actively.  Commemoration runs, such as the Warsaw's Independence Run are being organised, attracting several thousand runners, Nordic walkers, wheelchair athletes and rollerblade enthusiasts.

After 1989, the National Independence Day was celebrated in a formal atmosphere. For several years the highest state authorities have encouraged Poles to celebrate this day with both dignity and joy. After decades of fighting for independence, for their native language and for their own identity, Poles can finally enjoy their freedom and be proud of their homeland.

KAROLINA KOWALSKA